How bearded capuchin monkeys (        <i >Sapajus libidinosusSapajus libidinosus        ) prepare to use a stone to crack nuts

Fragaszy Dorothy M.; Morrow Kristen S.; Baldree Rhianna; Unholz Emily; Izar Patricia; Visalberghi Elisabetta; Haslam Michael

摘要

Abstract >Bearded capuchin monkeys crack nuts with naturally varying stone hammers, suggesting they may tune their grips and muscular forces to each stone. If so, they might use discrete actions on a stone before lifting and striking, and they would likely use these actions more frequently when the stone is larger and/or less familiar and/or when first initiating striking. We examined the behavior of (a) four monkeys (all proficient at cracking nuts) with two larger (1?kg) and two smaller (0.5?kg) stones, (b) 12 monkeys with one 1?kg?stone, and (c) one monkey during its first 100 strikes with an initially unfamiliar 1?kg?stone. Bearded capuchin monkeys used three discrete actions on the stone before striking, all more often with the larger stones than the smaller stones. We infer that the first discrete action (Spin) aided the monkey in determining where to grip the stone, the second (Flip) allowed it to position the stone on the anvil ergonomically before lifting it, and the third (Preparatory Lift) readied the monkey for the strenuous lifting action. The monkey that provided 100 strikes with one initially unfamiliar stone performed fewer Spins in later strikes but performed Flip and Preparatory Lift at consistent rates. The monkeys gripped the stone with both hands along the sides to lift it, but usually moved one or both hands to the top of the stone at the zenith of the lift for the downward strike. The findings highlight two new aspects of the capuchins’ nut‐cracking: (a) Anticipatory actions with the stone before striking, especially when the stone is larger or unfamiliar, and when initiating striking and (b) shifting grips on the stone during a strike. We invite researchers to investigate if other taxa use anticipatory actions and shift their grips during percussive activity. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >胡须卡普宁猴子用自然不同的石头锤裂纹螺母，表明他们可能会调整夹持和肌肉力量到每石。如果是，他们可能在提升和醒目之前在石头上使用离散的动作，并且当石头更大和/或不那么熟悉的和/或第一开始醒目时，它们可能更频繁地使用这些动作。我们检查了（a）四只猴子（裂解螺母全部精通）的行为，两个较大（1？kg）和两个较小的（0.5？kg）石，（b）12只猴子，一个1？kg？石头，和（ c）首先100次罢工的一只猴子，最初不熟悉的1？kg？石头。胡须的Capuchin Monkeys在罢工之前使用了三个离散的动作，更频繁地具有比较小的石头更大的石头。我们推断第一个离散的动作（旋转）辅助猴子在确定握把的何处抓住石头，第二个（翻盖）允许它在提升之前符合人体工程学的砧座上的石头，第三个（预备升降机）再次入住猴子对于剧烈的提升行为。提供100次与最初陌生的石头的猴子在后来的罢工中表现较少，但在一致的速率下进行翻转和预备升力。猴子沿着两只手抓住了石头，沿着两只手抬起它，但通常将一个或两只手移动到升降机的天顶的石头顶部，以便下行。调查结果突出了Capuchins'坚果开裂的两个新方面：（a）在引人注目之前用石头的预期行动，特别是当石头更大或不熟悉时，并且在罢工期间启动醒目时和（b）在石头上移动。我们邀请研究人员调查其他分类群是否使用预期行动并在打击活动期间转移夹具。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-18765/'>《American journal of primatology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Fragaszy Dorothy M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Fragaszy Dorothy M.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Morrow Kristen S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Morrow Kristen S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Baldree Rhianna&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Baldree Rhianna;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Unholz Emily&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Unholz Emily;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Izar Patricia&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Izar Patricia;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Visalberghi Elisabetta&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Visalberghi Elisabetta;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Haslam Michael&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Haslam Michael;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthens Georgia;</p> <p>Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthens Georgia;</p> <p>Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthens Georgia;</p> <p>Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthens Georgia;</p> <p>Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of S?o PauloS?o Paulo Brazil;</p> <p>Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition National Research CouncilRome Italy;</p> <p>Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art Oxford UniversityOxford UK;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/40383.html" title="灵长目">灵长目;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=exploratory actions&option=203" rel="nofollow">exploratory actions;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hammer&option=203" rel="nofollow">hammer;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=haptic perception&option=203" rel="nofollow">haptic perception;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=nut cracking&option=203" rel="nofollow">nut cracking;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=percussion&option=203" rel="nofollow">percussion;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：探索性行为;锤子;触觉感知;坚果裂缝;打击乐; 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How bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosusSapajus libidinosus ) prepare to use a stone to crack nuts

摘要