An Economic Study for the Farm Problems Impacts on Net Farm Income in the Modern Land Reclamation in the EastDelta Region

摘要

Egyptian agriculture is facing a lot of challenges that affect the efficiency of the agricultural sector's performance and its position in the national economy. There are many agricultural problems at the farm level as a result of the irrational farmpractices, the low functional efficiency and/or effectiveness of some agricultural organizations such as village banks, agricultural cooperatives and extension, irrigation and sanitation departments. Where they play a significant and influential role inthe process of productive the cultivated land degradation, which in turn is reflected in the low level of income and livelihood of farmers. Hence the following question has been arisen: Is the farm problems affecting the average net farm income per feddan of the main agricultural crops; sugar beet, wheat, rice and cotton in the studied area. The previous agricultural crops pose four agricultural rotations: (i) Sugar beet and summer rice rotation, (ii) Wheat and cotton rotation, (iii) Wheat and summer rice rotation and (iv) Sugar beet and cotton rotation. The East Delta region has been selected to conduct the research and the questionnaire where it is one of the most modern land reclamation areas. The studied sample has been selected from the newly reclaimed villages on the Al-Salam Canal that located in the west of the Suez Canal, where salinity level is very high. The irrigation water in this area is characterized by height of salinity because the irrigation water is mixed with the waters of the NileRiver and the drainage water. The field data was collected during the 2015/2016 agricultural season by a questionnaire sheet which designed for this purpose and applied on a stratified random sample of 100 farmers distributed on the basis of the relative weight of the number of winners in each village by the total number of recipients in the selected villages. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) For the productivity and economic indicators of agricultural selected crops show that the sugar beet crop has achieved the first position, followed by cotton crop, then the wheat crop, in while achieved the rice crop last place, (ii) For the average net return per feddan of the selected rotation it shows that the rotation of sugar beet and summer rice has achieved the first position, followed by wheat and cotton rotation, followed by wheat and summer rice rotation, and finally sugar beet and cotton rotation, (iii) Identifying the most important farm problems faced by farmers in the studied areashows that the most important problems of farm in descending order according to the relative weighted average is a agricultural credit problems, followed by a irrigation water problems, and a plant production problems, a agricultural marketing problems,and then a agricultural soil problems, (vi) Studying the impact of farm problems on the average net farm income it was found that the average net farm income per feddan of the selected crops have been increased when the severity of the studied problemsdecreased.