Global historical soybean and wheat yield loss estimates from ozone pollution considering water and temperature as modifying effects

摘要

Ozone pollution can severely diminish crop yields. Its damaging effects depend, apart from ozone concentration, on crop, cultivar, water status, temperature and CO2 concentration. Previous studies estimating global yield loss from ozone pollution did not consider all of these co-factors and climate change impact studies on crop yields typically ignore ozone pollution. Here we introduce an ozone damage module for the widely used process-based crop model LPJmL. The implementation describes ozone uptake through stomata, internal detoxification and short- and long-term effects on productivity and phenology, dynamically accounting for all listed co-factors. Using this enhanced model we estimate historical global yield losses from ozone pollution for wheat and soybeans. We divide wheat into "Western" and "Asian" to account for higher ozone sensitivities in Asian types. We apply daily ozone concentrations obtained from six chemistry-transport models provided by the ACCMIP and HTAP2 projects.