Electrochemical MIP-Sensors for Drugs

摘要

In order to replace bio-macromolecules by stable synthetic materials in separationtechniques and bioanalysis biomimetic receptors and catalysts have been developed: Functionalmonomers are polymerized together with the target analyte and after template removalcavities are formed in the ”molecularly imprinted polymer” (MIP) which resemble the activesites of antibodies and enzymes. Starting almost 80 years ago, around 1,100 papers on MIPswere published in 2016. Electropolymerization allows to deposit MIPs directly on voltammetricelectrodes or chips for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance(SPR). For the readout of MIPs for drugs amperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offer higher sensitivity as compared with QCM or SPR.Application of simple electrochemical devices allows both the reproducible preparation ofMIP sensors, but also the sensitive signal generation. Electrochemical MIP-sensors for thewhole arsenal of drugs, e.g. the most frequently used analgesics, antibiotics and anticancerdrugs have been presented in literature and tested under laboratory conditions. Thesebiomimetic sensors typically have measuring ranges covering the lower nano- up to millimolarconcentration range and they are stable under extreme pH and in organic solvents like nonaqueousextracts.