Numerical Simulations of the Ice Load of a Ship Navigating in Level Ice Using Peridynamics

摘要

In this study, a numerical method was developed based on peridynamics to determine the ice loads for a ship navigating in level ice. Convergence analysis of three-dimensional ice specimen with tensile and compression loading are carried out first. The effects of ice thickness, sailing speed, and ice properties on the mean ice loads were also investigated. It is observed that the ice fragments resulting from the icebreaking process will interact with one another as well as with the water and ship hull. The ice fragments may rotate, collide, or slide along the ship hull, and these ice fragments will eventually drift away from the ship. The key characteristics of the icebreaking process can be obtained using the peridynamic model such as the dynamic generation of cracks in the ice sheet, propagation and accumulation of ice fragments, as well as collision, rotation, and sliding of the ice fragments along the ship hull. The simulation results obtained for the ice loads and icebreaking process were validated against those determined from the Lindqvist empirical formula and there is good agreement between the results.