Pro-apoptotic Bax promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transition by binding to respiratory complex-I and antagonizing the malignant actions of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins

摘要

The plasticity of solid tumors between the epithelial and mesenchymal states critically influences their malignant progression and metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which supports cancer cell invasion and metastasis, is promoted by pro-survival members (e.g., Bcl-2 and Bcl-X-L) of the Bcl-2 protein family, which are well-known key apoptosis regulators. We found that Bcl-w, another pro-survival member, promotes EMT by increasing respiratory complex-I activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In contrast, pro-apoptotic Bax facilitates mesenchymal-epithelial transition by binding to complex-I, which inhibits complex-I-induced ROS production. Functional antagonism between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins in regulating tumor plasticity was directly confirmed by co-expressing Bax with Bcl-w or Bcl-X-L. Therefore, the balance between the functionally opposing Bcl-2 proteins appears to be a critical determinant of cancer cell phenotypes. We further showed that sublethal doses of gamma-radiation induced EMT by increasing Bcl-X-L and Bcl-w levels and complex-I activity. We propose that Bcl-2 proteins and complex-I are potential targets for preventing tumor progression and the malignant actions of radiotherapy. (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.