Movement patterns and rheoreaction of larvae of a fluvial specialist (nase, Chondrostoma nasus): the role of active versus passive components of behaviour in dispersal

摘要

The dispersal of fish larvae in rivers might result from water movement but also from larval behaviour. Although potentially crucial for dispersion, knowledge of the role of behaviour is still fragmentary. This study intends to contribute to the question of how riverine fish larvae drift or move. All dispersal-relevant movement patterns of larvae of a characteristic rheophilic species were analyzed based on the parameters (i) swimming activity, (ii) direction of movement, and (iii) the orientation towards the current vector. Experiments were conducted in a novel flume mesocosm at three different flow scenarios covering the current velocity range of natural habitats. Mean current velocities in these scenarios were under, near, and over the "critical current velocity", above which fish larvae are not able to constantly hold their position in the water column. Three consecutive larval stages were tested to account for possible ontogenetic shifts in movement behaviour, both during the day and at night. Our results strongly suggest that the assumption of mainly passively drifting larvae has to be refused; in total, 92.6% of all observed movement events were characterized by swimming activity and directed orientation, whereas only 7.4% could be assigned to passive drift. During downstream movement, a significant portion of movement events (57.1%) was attributed to larvae that orientated in an upstream direction and performed active swimming movements.