Distribution of Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) bush-crickets in Turkey: the importance of the Anatolian Taurus Mountains in biodiversity and implications for conservation

摘要

The distribution of Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) species within four phytogeographical provinces in Turkey is reviewed and presented on the basis of field and collection studies during 1987-2001 and miscellaneous data from previous literature. One hundred and sixty species belonging to 28 genera have been recorded. The Anatolian species constitute approximately 30% of the world-wide species of the subfamily, with a very high proportion (greater than or equal to83%) being endemic or semi-endemic, nearly all of which are brachypterous. Regarding the numbers of total and endemic species, the provinces can be ordered as follows: Mediterranean. > Irano-Anatolian > Euxin > Mesopotamia. Also, Anatolian Tettigoniinae have a very high rate of endemism in each province; 84.1% in the Mediterranean, 78.1% in Irano-Anatolia, 56.3% in Mesopotamia and 42.4% in Euxin. The two provinces in Anatolia having the greatest species diversity are also the two most mountainous provinces, so it is suggested that a primary factor in Tettigoniinae diversity is the Anatolian Taurus mountains. Finally, some conclusions are drawn on biodiversity and conservation of Tettigoniinae species in Anatolia and I have suggested 23 species to be included in the 'IUCN Red List' under VU B2+ac.