Soil Infections of Grain Crops with the Use of The Resource-saving Technologies in Western Siberia, Russia

摘要

The aim of the research was to study the effect of resource-saving technologies in the cultivation of spring wheat and barley in several regions of Western Siberia on the distribution and taxonomic composition of root rot pathogens, as well as the evaluation of protective measures efficiency. In the context of the resource-saving technologies of crop cultivation in Western Siberia, root rot became of particular relevance; the development of root rot exceeds the thresholds by up to 5-7 times, especially in the first half of the growing season. We identified substantial changes in the taxonomic composition of the pathogen complex of root rot towards expansion of the plant pathogens range by fungi of the Pythium genus and strengthening of the Fusariumgenus fungi domination. There is a tendency of the ecological niches of plant pathogens spreading in organs of plants: B.sorokiniana better adapted to topsoil organs and the Fusarium genus fungi - to the underground ones. We identified environmental factors with the greatest impact on strengthening and spreading of the root rot pathogenesis: high number of intra-stem pests, which exceeds the threshold by 2-3 times, contamination of crops with cereal weeds - reserves of root rot pathogens, as well as lowmicrobiological activity and soil suppressive qualities caused by a short growing season and lack of plant residues. We studied the efficiency of improvement methods for the phytosanitary condition of soil and underground plant organs of spring wheat and barley through the introduction of phytosanitary crop rotation and preceding crops, seed treatment and technologies to improve plant resistance in the initial phases of development.