Testing Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry using gamma-ray burst neutrinos

摘要

A recent work [Y. Huang and B.-Q. Ma, Commun. Phys. 1, 62 (2018)] associated all four PeV neutrinos observed by IceCube to gamma-ray bursts, and revealed a regularity which indicates a Lorentz-violation scale E_(LV) = (6.5 ± 0.4) × 10~(17) GeV with opposite sign factors s = ±1 between neutrinos and antineutrinos. The association of "time delay" and "time advance" events with neutrinos and antineutrinos (or vice versa) is only a hypothesis since the IceCube detector cannot tell the chirality of the neutrinos, and further experimental tests are needed to verify this hypothesis. We derive the values of the CPT-odd Lorentz violating parameters in the standard-model extension (SME) framework, and perform a threshold analysis on the electron-positron pair emission of the superluminal neutrinos (or antineutrinos). We find that different neutrino/antineutrino propagation properties, suggested by Y. Huang and B.-Q. Ma, can be described in the SME framework with both Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry violation, but with a threshold energy constraint. A viable way on testing the CPT symmetry violation between neutrinos and antineutrinos is suggested.