Measuring laser carrier-envelope-phase effects in the noble gases with an atomic hydrogen calibration standard

摘要

We present accurate measurements of carrier-envelope-phase effects on ionization of the noble gases with few-cycle laser pulses. The experimental apparatus is calibrated by using atomic hydrogen data to remove any systematic offsets and thereby obtain accurate CEP data on other generally used noble gases such as Ar, Kr, and Xe. Experimental results for H are well supported by exact time-dependent Schr?dinger equation theoretical simulations; however, significant differences are observed in the case of the noble gases.