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Strategies of making and unmaking ethnic boundaries: Evidence on the Laz of Turkey

机译:制作与露天的策略 - 土耳其拉斯的证据

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摘要

The main aim of this article is to explore different strategies of boundary making and unmaking by a minority ethnic group. I apply the theories of "boundary work" and constructivist understanding of ethnicity and nationhood to the case of the Laz, one of the autochthons of the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. I analyze two main strategies-boundary crossing and contraction-in the context of three sets of encounters and interactions, with Turks/Turkishness, people of Black Sea-Karadenizli-and Kurds/Kurdishness. First, I argue that assimilating into the official Turkish identity is one of the strategies adopted by the ethnic Laz. The Laz are incorporated into Turkishness both by their search for economic mobility, status, and by assimilationist policies of the state especially aimed at the spread of Turkish. To become a full-fledged true member of the nation and access to potential benefits, Turkishness through language shift has been realized that allowed boundary crossing of the Laz. Second, I state that despite the efforts of the top-down assimilationist policies, noncontentious ethnic identities can be reproduced by means of symbolic boundaries. The Laz contextually activate symbolic boundaries in informal settings by contracting from other people of Black Sea-Karadenizli-or ethnic Turkishness. The ethnic language is substituted by nonthreatening ethnic performances and rhetoric, less marked and more subjective traits of self-asserted differences. Such symbolic boundaries correspond to unofficial forms of hierarchies and competition over local belongings. Third, the analysis of the Laz-Kurd relationship unveils that ethnic boundaries can be redefined according to changing conditions. The impact of the Kurds on the Laz identity, either by means of personal acquaintances or the relationship between the state and the Kurdish national movement, is imperative. It triggers contradictions in the Laz identity by revealing new potential redefinitions and recasting of boundaries.
机译:本文的主要目的是探讨少数民族的边界制作和脱拔的不同策略。我申请“边界工作”理论,建设对民族和国家的建设理解,为土耳其东黑海地区的Autochthons之一。我分析了两个主要策略 - 边界交叉和收缩 - 在三组遭遇和互动的背景下,用土耳其人/土耳其语,黑海 - 卡拉达利和库尔德/库尔德的人。首先,我认为,融合进入官方土耳其身份是民族劳萨采用的战略之一。 Laz既通过他们寻求经济流动,地位和国家的同化主义政策纳入土耳其,尤其旨在瞄准土耳其蔓延。成为全国的真实成员,并获得潜在的福利,通过语言转变的土耳其人已经实现了允许劳萨斯的跨境过境。其次,我说,尽管努力自上而下的同化主义政策,但可以通过象征边界来复制非联系民族身份。 LAZ通过从黑海-Karadenizli或民族土耳其语的其他人签订合同,在非正式设置中激活符号界限。民族语言是通过非耐动性的族裔表演和言论,较少标记和更多的自我主动特征来代替。这种符号边界对应于非官方形式的层次结构和竞争对当地物品。第三,对Laz-Kurd关系的分析推出了可以根据变化的条件重新定义种族界限。 Kurds对Laz Identity的影响,无论是通过个人熟人还是国家与库尔德国家运动之间的关系都是必要的。通过揭示新的潜在重新定义和界限,它触发了LAZ认证的矛盾。

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