Synthesis of Well-Defined Pyrrolidone-Based Homopolymers and Stimulus-Responsive Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Aqueous Solution Polymerization of 2-(N-Acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone

摘要

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) is a well-known, highly polar, nonionic water-soluble polymer. However, N-vinyl-pyrrolidone (NVP) usually exhibits strongly non-ideal behavior when copolymerized with methacrylic or styrenic monomers. Moreover, NVP is not particularly well-controlled under living radical polymerization conditions. For these reasons, alternative pyrrolidone-based monomers have been investigated. For example, the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-(N-methacryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone (NMEP) has been recently investigated using various polymerization formulations. However, PNMEP homopolymers are significantly less hydrophilic than PNVP and exhibit inverse temperature solubility in aqueous solution. In the present work, we studied the RAFT aqueous solution polymerization of 2-(N-acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone (NAEP) using either AIBN at 70 degrees C or a low-temperature redox initiator at 30 degrees C. PNAEP homopolymers are obtained in high yield (99%) with good control (M-w/M-n 1.20) for target degrees of polymerization (DP) of up to 400 using the latter initiator, which produced relatively fast rates of polymerization. However, targeting DPs above 400 led to lower NAEP conversions and broader molecular weight distributions. 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA) were chain-extended using a PNAEP(x) macro-CTA via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization, yielding double-hydrophilic acrylic diblock copolymers with high conversions (99%) and good control (M-w/M-n 1.31). In addition, a PNAEP(95) macro-CTA was chain extended via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) at 22 degrees C. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that heating above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM led to so-called "anomalous micellization" at 35 degrees C and the formation of near-monodisperse spherical micelles at 40 degrees