Landscape-level spread of beetle infestations from windthrown- and beetle-killed trees in the non-intervention zone of the Tatra National Park, Slovakia (Central Europe)

摘要

The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) causes widespread Norway spruce (Picea abies) mortality in European forests. The pattern of landscape-level tree mortality varies over the course of beetle outbreak and by the presence and location of active breeding sites. Increased understanding of rules governing the unmanaged spread of beetle-induced tree mortality over the landscape would help to optimise management control strategies on the borderline between highly valuable protected areas and surrounding managed forests.