Synthesis and characterization of d-glucose derived nanospheric hard carbon negative electrodes for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights？d-glucose-derived hard carbon material was synthesized using HTC method.？TOF-SIMS analysis shows that the SEI is more inorganic on the anode from NIB half-cell.？1M LiPF6/EC:PC (1:1) showed capacity of 400mAhg？1in LIB half-cell.？1M NaPF6/EC:PC (1:1) system capacity under 0.1V vs Na/Na+is 175mAhg？1.AbstractThe electrochemical performance of glucose-derived hard carbon (GDHC) anode has been evaluated using Li- and Na-salts in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate electrolyte mixtures. The LiPF6/EC:PC (1:1) system exhibits high capacity at low current densities (400mAhg？1at 25mAg？1) and also good power characteristics retaining 150mAhg？1capacity at 2Ag？1current density. The best overall performance was achieved with 1M NaPF6/EC:PC (1:1) electrolyte based system with capacities of 175mAhg？1at 0.1V vs Na/Na+and 330mAhg？1at 1.5V vs Na/Na+. The electrode has been physically characterizedex-situusing SEM, Raman and TOF-SIMS methods TOF-SIMS analysis revealed that the solid electrolyte interphase is more inorganic on the negative electrode in the Na-cell than on the negative electrode the Li-cell. The positive ion-specific images established by TOF-SIMS analysis show the non-homogeneous distribution of various fragments from the pristine GDHC, which is caused by slightly inhomogeneous mixture of GDHC and conducting carbon black (Super P？) particles.]]>