Modeling hydraulic redistribution and ecosystem response to droughts over the Amazon basin using Community Land Model 4.0 (CLM4)

摘要

Hydraulic redistribution is the process of soil water transport through the low-resistance pathway provided by plant roots. It has been observed in field studies and proposed to be one of the processes that enable the Amazon rainforest to resist periodical dry spells without experiencing water limitations. How and to what extent hydraulic redistributionmay increase vegetation resistance to longer ormore severe droughts than seasonal dryness have not been investigated yet, which is the focus of this study. The artificially prolonged drought produced by the rainfall exclusion experiment is used as an example of long drought, and the 2005 drought is used as a severe drought. The parameterization of hydraulic redistribution proposed by Ryel et al. (2002) was incorporated into the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4). Three paired numerical experiments were conducted, one set using the default model (CTL) and the other using the model with considerations of hydraulic redistribution (HR). Results show that the vegetation response (including evapotranspiration, biomass, and leaf area index (LAI)) to dryness of all the three types is better captured with hydraulic redistribution incorporated. Plants are more resistant to dryness when hydraulic redistribution increases plant water availability and thus facilitates their growth. When a drought is long lasting, the vegetation response is delayed by hydraulic redistribution. Therefore, if a drought ends earlier than permanent damage is made, the magnitude of vegetation response will be lowered by this mechanism, i.e., the vegetation will be more resistant to dryness.