Interseismic seafloor crustal deformation immediately above the source region of anticipated megathrust earthquake along the Nankai Trough, Japan

摘要

We monitored seafloor crustal deformation using the GPS/acoustic seafloor geodetic observation technique at three sites on the Kumano Basin, off southwestern Japan, which is located immediately above the source region of the anticipated Tonankai megathrust earthquake. We directly measured landward crustal movements of ～40 mm/y in the ～N80W direction with respect to the Amurian Plate on the seafloor. The directions were found to be the same as those measured at the on-land GPS stations. The magnitudes of the velocity vectors indicated significant crustal shortenings of approximately 10-20mm/y between the Kumano Basin and the southeastern coast of the Kii peninsula of the Japanese Islands. The present observational results show strong and direct evidence for interplate locking during the interseismic period. Coupling ratios were roughly estimated at ～0.6-0.8 on the plate interface up to at least 10km in depth.