Prevention and control of soilborne diseases and nematodes in eggplants crop by grafting plants combined with soil fumigation.

摘要

Soilborne pathogens and nematodes are very destructive in vegetables crops and one of the most limiting factors to farmer's income. Soil fumigation has been an essential component of greenhouses crops since the 1960s. Growing vegetables without soil fumigants has remained a challenge, in part because commercially acceptable eggplant cultivars produced through conventional breeding lack resistance to many soil borne plant pathogens. Grafting cultivars with high quality and productivity on rootstocks that are resistant to soil pests and diseases is a method known for years ago, but which was improved and quickly spread in the last years. The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the eggplant grafting on the some rootstocks in greenhouse conditions, alone and in combination with soil fumigation using metham sodium. Data obtained in the combinations scion/rootstock and not grafted eggplants were compared with data recorded where the metham sodium fumigant was used and as well as with the combinations grafted eggplants planted in soil disinfested with metham sodium. The marketable yield, fruits quality, frequency and root galling index of soilborne disease and nematodes, in the experimental variants were determined and calculated. Grafting process combined with the metham sodium soil disinfestation led to significant reduction in the incidence of attack produced by soilborne disease ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahlia) and nematodes ( Meloidogine incognita).CT VIII International Symposium on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation, Turin, Italy.