Genetic Diversity Analysis, Moroccan Cultivar Genotyping and Rapid Screening for Bayoud Disease Resistance in Date Palm Using Molecular Techniques

摘要

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocotyledoneus woody perennial and dioecious plant with a long generation life time. Traditional and modern genetic improvement in date palm need long time and considerable funds. Molecular markers can assist the selection and give better and efficient research strategies. Several researches cited in this paper showed the use of molecular markers as tools to evaluate genetic diversity and genotyping of date palm cultivars. A total of 550 RAPD primers 10-Decamer were tested on date palm DNA and 170 of them were selected permitting identification of more than 300 polymorphic markers which are able to detect polymorphism (70%) and analyze genetic diversity and genotype date-palm cultivars. Among 45 tested ISSR primers (short sequences), 21 primers were selected and generated 79 markers that genotyped 45 date palm cultivars and selected clones studied and showed a high rate of polymorphism (average 80%). Seven molecular markers revealed by RAPD and ISSR techniques were candidates to be associated with resistance to Bayoud disease. The reliability of molecular techniques was very comparable with the biological technique that needed four months at least. These markers allowed rapid screening to reduce largetested population and can be used at very early stage of plantlets. In prospects, it will be interesting to select precisely a minimal number of markers associated to Bayoud-disease resistance in date palm and to sequence them. These researches open newdoors to explore the use of molecular technologies in the development of a breeding program of date palm and also may give area in the research and construction program of the date palm genetic map.