The moorish myrtle, history, and recovery of Alhambra garden lost species (Myrtus communis L. subspecies baetica Casares et Tito).

摘要

The gardens of the Alhambra and the Generalife (Granada, Spain) present several hundred years old specimens of a very rare type of Myrtus. They are characterised by crowded, large leaves frequently arranged in trimerous whorls. The morphology of these myrtles proves to be peculiar and clearly sets the samples found in Granada as different from both wild specimens and other commonly cultivated forms. Compared studies reveal that this was the main type of myrtle used during the Middle Ages in the Islamic gardens of the Iberian Peninsula. Knowledge of this plant and its use has been lost in Europe since the Renaissance until the present day. However it is still grown in the U.S. and Morocco In this article we analyse the identity of these plants; describe the importance of their use in the medieval gardens of al-Andalus; investigate the cultivation and knowledge of myrtle in classical, Medieval-Islamic and modern times; localise the plant's distribution and identify the possible routes of its dispersal from the Mediterranean to Northern Europe, America and South Africa. Knowledge of the plant's historical importance can be used to reintroduce it in Europe and encourage cultivation in the U.S. This paper presents the results of the research project "Estudio Botanico e historiografico de Myrtus en la Alhambra y Generalife", supported by the Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife and the Junta de Andalucia, which the authors are working on.