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Non-symbolic and symbolic notations in simple arithmetic differentially involve intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus activity

机译:简单算术中的非符号和符号表示法分别涉及顶内沟和角回活动

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摘要

Addition problems can be solved by mentally manipulating quantities for which the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is likely recruited, or by retrieving the answer directly from fact memory in which the left angular gyrus (AG) and perisylvian areas may play a role. Mental addition is usually studied with problems presented in the Arabic notation (4+2), and less so with number words (four+two) or dots (:: +(.).). In the present study, we investigated how the notation of numbers influences processing during simple mental arithmetic. Twenty-five highly educated participants performed simple arithmetic while their brain activity was recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging. To reveal the effect of number notation, arithmetic problems were presented in a non-symbolic (Dots) or symbolic (Arabic; Words) notation. Furthermore, we asked whether IPS processing during mental arithmetic is magnitude specific or of a more general, visuospatial nature. To this end, we included perception and manipulation of non-magnitude formats (Colors; unfamiliar Japanese Characters). Increased IPS activity was observed, suggesting magnitude calculations during addition of non-symbolic numbers. In contrast, there was greater activity in the AG and perisylvian areas for symbolic compared to non-symbolic addition, suggesting increased verbal fact retrieval. Furthermore, IPS activity was not specific to processing of numerical magnitude but also present for non-magnitude stimuli that required mental visuospatial processing (Color-mixing; Character-memory measured by a delayed match-to-sample task). Together, our data suggest that simple non-symbolic sums are calculated using visual imagery, whereas answers for simple symbolic sums are retrieved from verbal memory. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:可以通过在精神上操纵可能会招募双侧顶内沟(IPS)的数量来解决其他问题,或者通过直接从事实记忆中检索答案来解决问题,在这些事实记忆中,左角回(AG)和肩周区可能起作用。通常以阿拉伯符号(4 + 2)表示的问题来研究心理加法,而以数字词(4 + 2)或点(:: +(。)。在本研究中,我们研究了数字符号如何在简单的心算过程中影响处理。 25名受过良好教育的参与者进行了简单的算术运算,而他们的大脑活动则通过功能磁共振成像记录下来。为了揭示数字符号的作用,以非符号(点)或符号(阿拉伯语;单词)符号表示了算术问题。此外,我们询问心理算术中的IPS处理是特定于幅度的还是更为笼统的视觉空间性质。为此,我们包括了对非幅度格式(颜色;不熟悉的日语字符)的感知和处理。观察到IPS活性增加,这表明在添加非符号数字期间进行了幅度计算。相比之下,与非符号添加相比,AG和西尔维维亚地区具有更大的象征性活动,这表明口头事实检索的增加。此外,IPS活动不仅针对数值幅度的处理,还针对需要心理视觉空间处理的非幅度刺激(颜色混合;通过延迟的匹配样本任务测量的字符记忆)。总之,我们的数据表明,使用视觉图像可以计算出简单的非符号和,而从语言记忆中检索出简单的符号和的答案。 (c)2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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