Variety specificity of the post-harvest maturation of seeds of the winter cereals under conditions of Ukraine

摘要

Results of the five-years studies on a genetic predetermination and ecological plasticity of pest-harvest maturation of seeds of 9 winter wheat varieties and 3 winter barley varieties are presented. Investigation material was selected in various soil and climatic zones of Ukraine: Polessie, Forest-steppe (Chernigov, Kyiv regions), foothills of the Carpathians (Chernovtsy region). Seeds of the winter wheat varieties Mironovskaja 808, Mironovskaja 61, Mironovskaja 25, Polesskaja 70, Kijanka, Donskaja semi-dwarf, Roksana, Kharkovskaja 11 during all the years of studies completed maturation by the optimum time of winter crops sowing. Cases of prolonged maturation were observed in the variety Polesskaja 87. Winter barley seeds varieties Katja, Debjut, Vavilon were characterized by a prolonged (above 5 months) period of the pest-harvest maturation. Data concerning lability of seed maturation rates depending on climatic conditions in summer, nutrition backgrounds, pesticide treatment are given. The significance of the variety specificity of maturation response in seeds to the cultivation conditions of mother plants is stressed. It is recomended to take into account the variety specificity of the pest-harvest seed maturation in selection, variety division in districts and development of modern intensive methods of winter crops cultivation.