ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS OF DEVELOPED LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES: FRACTIONAL ORDER TIME DELAY SYSTEMS

摘要

This brief comprehensive review presents the recent development in basic and applied science and engineering of finely dispersed particles and related systems in general, but more profound and in-depth treatise are related to the liquid-liquid finely dispersed systems i.e. emulsions and double emulsions. The electroviscoelastic behavior of e.g., liquid/liquid interfaces (emulsions and double emulsions) is based on three forms of "instabilities"; these are rigid, elastic, and plastic. The events are understood as interactions between the internal (immanent) and external (incident) periodical physical fields. Since the events at the interfaces of finely dispersed systems have to be considered at the molecular, atomic, and/or entities level it is inevitable to introduce the electron transfer phenomenon beside the classical heat, mass, and momentum transfer phenomena commonly used in chemical engineering. Three possible mathematical formalisms have been derived and discussed related to this physical formalism, i.e. to the developed theory of electroviscoelasticity. The first is stretching tensor model, where the normal and tangential forces are considered, only in mathematical formalism, regardless to their origin (mechanical and/or electrical). The second is classical integer order van der Pot derivative model. Finally, the third model comprise an effort to generalize the previous van der Pot differential equations, both, linear and nonlinear; where the ordinary time derivatives and integrals are replaced by corresponding fractional-order time derivatives and integrals of orderp < 2 (p = n -- 6, n = 1, 2, 6 1). In order to justify and corroborate more general approach the obtained calculated results were compared to those experimentally measured using the representative liquid—liquid system. Also, a new idea related to the probable discussion and/or elucidation of the problems in the theoretical and experimental status of decoherence is mentioned.