Effects of salinity and temperature coupling on solid/liquid equilibria: Thermodynamic bases

摘要

The basic rules of thermodynamics are applied to phase equilibria to describe the variations of solubility induced by changes in salinity and temperature in the case of a solid compound that separates pure (no solid solution). Even though the one or the other of these effects has been the subject of numerous investigations, those about the conjunction of both parameters are scarce and (almost) empirical despite the increase in the frequency of occurrence of practical cases, especially in biology and in the environment. This thermodynamic survey includes a rigorous treatment accompanied with possible approximations allowing one to get a prediction tool from a limited number of experimental parameters. The systems of concentration variables and reference states in current use are taken into account.