Ecology of epiphytic lichens growing on Abies sibirica along the south of Baikal

摘要

165 species of epiphytic lichens growing on Abies sibirica Ledeb. in Southern Baical region. The general ecological characteristics of the lichens are given. The objectives of the study are: the location of lichens on a tree; the mineral componentsand pH of the bark; the distribution of epiphytic lichens along different mountain belts which is limited by change of light intensity and humidity; the snow cover level. Presumably, the vertical species distribution on a tree and in mountains is a reflection of changing light intensity and humidity. There are photophilic lichens, for example, Melanelia olivaceae, M. exasperatula. These species inhabit apical canopy of Abies sibirica. Some species could be used as indicators of average snow depth in this region. Parmeliopsis ambigua and P. hyperopta seem to be chionophilic species. Foliose and fructicose lichens Hypogymnia physodes, Usnea longissima, U. scabrata, U. subfloridana, Bryoria fuscescens and B. furcellata do not occur below the snow cover level and seem to be chionophobic species. Most epiphytic lichens inhabiting Abies sibirica are acidophilic species. The lichens inhabit the conifers (with the bar pH = 3.1-4.2-5.6): Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica and Larix sibirica.