Environmental concerns over chrome-bearing refractories and utilization of the waste derived fuels promoted the great development of basic refractories for cement rotary kilns. Because of high thermal and corrosion resistance, magnesia-based bricks are mainly used in the transition zones. Doloma-based bricks are mostly lined in the burning zones due to their favorite coating formation. Low thermal expansion of spinel, zirconia and calcium zirconate addition significantly improves thermal shock resistance and reduces thermal conductivity of basic bricks. Optimized microstructure of magnesia-spinel refractories is favorable not only to corrosion resistance but also to coating formation. Progress in basic refractories has principally been depending on the synthetic materials, so that their cost is expected to be reduced.
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