Pyrometers - contactless temperature-measuring instruments - are irreplaceable components of control and monitoring circuits in many branches of industry, including metallurgy, machine building, electronics, the chemical industry, and medical applications. There is no alternative to pyrometers in measuring the temperature of objects that are moving (for example, billet in a rolling mill), relatively inaccessible, or in hazardous locations (such as high-voltage substations). Most pyrometers have been developed and produced in Ukraine: at the Kamenets-Podol'sk instrument plant, the Khar'kovsk Pribor plant, and L'vovsk Termopribor production facility. In all, the Soviet Union had 200,000-300,000 instruments, most (up to 70-80 percent) of which were Promin visual pyrometers with a disappearing fiber. Mass production of pyrometers in limited quantities (around 15-25 percent of the total) was undertaken in Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, and Gor'kii. Currently, their production has ceased. Most of the instruments have a basic error of 1-5 percent.
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