首页> 外文期刊>Journal of radiological protection: Official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection >An investigation into the upward transport of uranium-series radionuclides in soils and uptake by plants
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An investigation into the upward transport of uranium-series radionuclides in soils and uptake by plants

机译:铀系列放射性核素在土壤中的向上迁移和植物吸收的研究

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The upward migration of radionuclides in the ~(238)U decay series in soils and their uptake by plants is of interest in various contexts, including the geological disposal of radioactive waste and the remediation of former sites of uranium mining and milling. In order to investigate the likely patterns of behaviour of ~(238)U-series radionuclides being transported upward through the soil column, a detailed soil-plant model originally developed for studying the behaviour of 79Se in soil-plant systems has been adapted to make it applicable to the ~(238)U series. By undertaking a reference case simulation and a series of sensitivity studies, it has been found that a wide variety of behaviour can be exhibited by radionuclides in the ~(238)U decay chain in soils, even when the source term is limited to being a constant flux of either ~(238)U or ~(226)Ra. Hydrological conditions are a primary factor, both in respect of the overall advective flow deeper in the soil, which controls the rate of upward migration, and in the influence of seasonally changing flow directions closer to the soil surface, which can result in the accumulation of radionuclides at specific depths irrespective of changes in sorption between the oxic and anoxic regions of the soil. However, such changes in sorption can also be significant in controlling the degree of accumulation that occurs. This importance of seasonally varying factors in controlling radionuclide transport in soils even in very long-term simulations is a strong argument against the use of annually averaged parameters in long-term assessment models. With a water table that was simulated to fluctuate seasonally from a substantial depth in soil to the surface soil layer, the timing of such variations in relation to the period of plant growth was found to have a major impact on the degree of uptake of radionuclides by plant roots. In long-term safety assessment studies it has sometimes been the practice to model the transport of ~(226)Ra in soil, but to assume that both ~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po can be treated as being present in secular equilibrium with the ~(226)Ra. This simplification is not always appropriate. Where geochemical conditions are such that the ~(226)Ra migrates upward in the soil column faster than ~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po, disequilibrium is not a significant issue, as the ~(226)Ra supports ~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po at concentrations somewhat below those estimated on the basis of assumed secular equilibrium. However, for low, but realistic, values of the distribution coefficients for ~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po and high, but realistic, distribution coefficients for ~(226)Ra, the ~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po can reach the surface soil in high concentrations that are not locally supported by ~(226)Ra. This means that models based on the assumption of secular equilibrium should not be employed without a careful consideration of the hydrological and hydrochemical situation of interest.
机译:在〜(238)U衰变序列中放射性核素在土壤中的向上迁移及其被植物吸收的情况在各种情况下都引起关注,包括放射性废物的地质处置以及铀矿开采和磨矿的旧址的修复。为了研究〜(238)U系列放射性核素通过土壤柱向上传输的可能行为模式,对最初为研究79Se在土壤-植物系统中的行为而开发的详细土壤-植物模型进行了调整,以使其能够适用于〜(238)U系列。通过进行参考案例模拟和一系列敏感性研究,我们发现,土壤中〜(238)U衰变链中的放射性核素可以表现出各种各样的行为,即使将源项限制为〜(238)U或〜(226)Ra的恒定通量。水文条件是一个主要因素,无论是在土壤中较深的整体对流中,它控制向上迁移的速度,还是在靠近土壤表面的季节性变化的流向的影响中,这都会导致土壤的积累。放射性核素在特定深度下无视土壤中有氧和无氧区域之间的吸附变化。但是,这种吸附变化对控制所发生的积累程度也很重要。即使在非常长期的模拟中,季节性变化因素在控制土壤中放射性核素迁移中的重要性也强烈反对在长期评估模型中使用年平均参数。通过模拟地下水位从土壤的很大深度到表层土壤的季节性波动,发现与植物生长周期有关的这种变化的时间对放射性核素的吸收程度有重要影响。植物的根。在长期安全性评估研究中,有时通常对〜(226)Ra在土壤中的迁移进行建模,但假设〜(210)Pb和〜(210)Po都可以视为存在于长期中。与〜(226)Ra保持平衡。这种简化并不总是适当的。如果地球化学条件使得〜(226)Ra比〜(210)Pb和〜(210)Po在土壤柱中向上迁移的速度更快,则不平衡不是一个重要的问题,因为〜(226)Ra支持〜(210) )Pb和〜(210)Po的浓度略低于根据假定的长期平衡估算的浓度。但是,对于〜(210)Pb和〜(210)Po的分布系数值低而切合实际的情况,以及〜(226)Ra,〜(210)Pb和〜(210)的较高但现实的分布系数中的值)Po可能以〜(226)Ra局部不支持的高浓度到达表层土壤。这意味着如果不仔细考虑目标水文和水化学状况,则不应使用基于长期平衡假设的模型。

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