Genetic variability and relationships of native Japanese chickens based on microsatellite DNA polymorphisms - focusing on the natural monuments of Japan.

摘要

728 blood samples were collected from 22 breeds (28 populations) of native Japanese chickens that have been designated as Natural Monuments of Japan (Chabo, Gifu-Jidori (2 populations), Hinai-dori, Jitokko, Kinpa, Koeyoshi, Kuro-Kashiwa, Ko-Shamo (2 populations), Kawachi-Yakko, Minohiki-dori, Mie-Jidori, Ohiki, Onaga-dori, Oh-Shamo (2 populations), Satsuma-dori, Shoukoku (2 populations), Tosa-Jidori, Toumaru, Toutenkou, Ukokkei (2 populations), Uzurao and Yakido (2 populations)) and two foreign breeds (White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR)) to examine the genetic variability and relationships by using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. A total of 206 alleles were observed at 20 loci in 728 individuals from 30 chicken populations. Genetic variabilities in 20 microsatellites examined varied depending on the populations. The mean number of alleles per locus, the proportion of the polymorphic loci, and the expected average heterozygosity ranged from 1.75 to 4.70, 0.55 to 1.00, and 0.21 to 0.67, respectively. Microsatellite alleles, being unique to a particular population, were detected in some breeds/populations. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the DA genetic distance and using the neighbour-joining method. Using the tree, genetic relationships were examined between breeds/populations. There were 435 possible population pairs of which the genetic distance values ranged from 0.103-0.673, with a mean value of 0.450+or-0.092. Based on breed relationship, there were three major group