Understanding of sludge rheology is important in the design, operation and control of treatment units for water and wastewater like thickeners, aeration tanks, as well as pipe systems used for the transport of sludge. As important as it is, sludge rheology has been one of the less studied and most challenging research topics. Despite the challenges, considerable effort has been given to improve the existing knowledge on rheology of sludge over the past 20 years. These studies shed light to somewhat complicated subject and currently a much better understanding of this field is achieved. The aim of this paper is first to provide a brief theoretical background on the concept "rheology" and then to review the recent literature work conducted on sludge rheology.
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