Temperature and pressure dependence of the free volume in the perfluorinated polymer glass CYTOP: A positron lifetime and pressure-volume-temperature study

摘要

The microstructure of the free volume was studied for an amorphous perfluorinated polymer (T-g= 378 K). To this aim we employed pressure-volume-temperature experiments (PVT) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Using the Simha-Somcynsky equation of state the hole free volume fraction h and the specific free and occupied volumes, V-f = hV and V-occ = (1 - h)V, were determined. Their expansivities and compressibilities were calculated from fits of the Tait equation to the volume data. It was found that in the glass V-occ has a particular high compressibility, while the compressibility of Vf is rather low, although h (300 K) = 0.108 is large. In the rubbery state the free volume dominates the total compressibility. From the PALS spectra the hole size distribution, its mean, upsilon(h), and mean dispersion, sigma(h), were calculated. From a comparison Of upsilon(h) with Vf a constant hole density of N-h' = 0.25 X 10(21) g(-1) was estimated. The volume of the smallest representative freely fluctuating 2 subsystem, V-sv proportional to 1/sigma(2)(h), is unusually small. This was explained by an inherent topologic disorder of this polymer. upsilon(h) and sigma(h) show an exponential-like decrease with increasing pressure P at 298 K. The hole density, calculated from N-h' = V-f/upsilon(h), seems to show an increase with P which is unexpected. This was explained by the compression of holes in the glass in two, rather than three, dimensions. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.