Renormalization of transition matrix elements of particle number operators due to strong electron correlation

摘要

Renormalization of non-magnetic and magnetic impurities due to electron double-occupancy prohibition is derived analytically by an improved Gutzwiller approximation. Non-magnetic impurities are effectively weakened by the same renormalization factor as that for the hopping amplitude, whereas magnetic impurities are strengthened by the square root of the spin-exchange renormalization factor, in contrast to results by the conventional Gutzwiller approximation. We demonstrate it by showing that transition matrix elements of number operators between assumed excited states and between an assumed ground state and excited states are renormalized differently than diagonal matrix elements. Deviation from such simple renormalization with a factor is also discussed. In addition, as a related calculation, we correct an error in treatment of the renormalization of charge interaction in the literature. Namely, terms from the second order of the transitionmatrix elements are strongly suppressed. Since all these results do not depend on the signs of impurity potential or the charge interaction parameter, they are valid both in attractive and repulsive cases.