The Influence of Tributyltin Chloride and Polychlorinated Biphenyls onSwimming Behavior, Body Growth, Reproduction, and Activity ofBiotransformation Enzymes in Daphnia magna

摘要

Exposure to tributyltin chloride (TBT) at 7.1 mu g L super(-1) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) at 1.5 mu g L super(-1) significantly affected Daphnia magna causing rapid decreases in mean swimming activity and a change in the preferred swimming depth. Lower exposure concentrations (0.1 mu g L super(-1) TBT or 0.1 mu g L super(-1) PCB) did not significantly alter swimming behavior. Exposure to medium and high TBT concentrations (0.1 mu g L super(-1) and 7.1 mu g L super(-1)) caused a decrease in body growth and decreased the number of newborn daphnids. PCB exposure at 1.5 mu g L super(-1) and 12 mu g L super(-1) did not affect reproduction or body growth of the animals. The lowest exposure levels (0.1 mu g L super(-1) PCB or 0.02 mu g L super(-1) TBT) did not alter any behavioral or ecophysiological parameter of the daphnids. Exposure to PCB as high as 15 mu g L super(-1) or TBT as high as 6.6 mu g L super(-1) had no effect on daphnid glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione-peroxidase activity.