Coseismic magnetization of fault pseudotachylytes: 1. Thermal demagnetization experiments

摘要

Fault pseudotachylytes form by quenching of silicate liquids produced through coseismic frictional melting. Here we show that in natural pseudotachylytes the main carrier of magnetic remanence blocked in during cooling of the frictional melt is fine-grained magnetite. This confirms previous studies on friction melt experiments. Stoichiometric magnetite, produced during earthquakes by the breakdown of ferromagnesian silicates, records the ambient magnetic field during seismic slip. We find that most fault pseudotachylytes exposed in the Santa Rosa Mountains, southern California, a classic pseudotachylyte locality, acquired their natural remanent magnetization (NRM) upon cooling of the frictional melt through the range of magnetization blocking temperatures of the magnetite grains and this primarily constitutes a thermal remanent magnetization. NRM intensities typical of most pseudotachylyte veins range from 1 to 60·10~(-4) Am~2/kg. A few specimens, however, contain magnetizations significantly higher than that caused by the Earth’s field as well as magnetization directions that are highly variable over short distances. Other magnetization processes, possibly related to coseismic electric currents, may be involved during the seismogenic process to control NRM acquisition.