Modeling of Pressure Drop During Condensation in Circular and Noncircular Microchannels

摘要

This paper presents a multiple flow-regime model for pressure drop during condensation of refrigerant R134a in horizontal microchannels. Condensation pressure drops measured in two circular and six noncircular channels ranging in hydraulic diameter from 0.42 mm to 0.8 mm are considered here. For each tube under consideration, pressure drop measurements were taken over the entire range of qualities from 100percent vapor to 100percent liquid for five different refrigerant mass fluxes between 150 kg/m~(2) s and 750 kg/m~(2) s. Results from previous work by the authors on condensation flow mechanisms in microchannel geometries were used to assign the applicable flow regime to the data points. Garimella et al. (2005, "Condensation Pressure Drop in Circular Micro-channels," Heat Transfer Eng., 26(3) pp. 1-8) reported a comprehensive model for circular tubes that addresses the progression of the condensation process from the vapor phase to the liquid phase by modifying and combining the pressure drop models for intermittent (Garimella et al., 2002, "An Experimentally Validated Model for Two-Phase Pressure Drop in the Intermittent Flow Regime for Circular Microchannels," ASME J. Fluids Eng., 124(1), pp. 205-214) and annular (Garimella et al., 2003, "Two-Phase Pressure Drops in the Annular Flow Regime in Circular Microchannels," 21st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, International Institute of Refrigeration, p. ICR0360) flows reported earlier by them. This paper presents new condensation pressure drop data on six noncircular channels over the same flow conditions as the previous work on circular channels. In addition, a multiple flow-regime model similar to that developed earlier by Garimella et al. for circular microchannels is developed here for these new cross sections. This combined model accurately predicts condensation pressure drops in the annular, disperse-wave, mist, discrete-wave, and intermittent flow regimes for both circular and noncircular microchannels of similar hydraulic diameters. Overlap and transition regions between the respective regimes are also addressed to yield relatively smooth transitions between the predicted pressure drops. The resulting model predicts 80percent of the data within +-25percent. The effect of tube shape on pressure drop is also demonstrated.