Laser biotechnology for more efficient bioremediation, protection of aquatic ecosystems and reclamation of contaminated areas

摘要

The results of field long-term experiments (initiated by the first author) showed that laser photostimulation could significantly increase the adaptability of different plant species (the willow Salix sp., elephant grass Miscanthus giganteus, Virginian mallow Sida hermaphrodita, common reed Phragmites australis, etc.) to contaminated environment. The attempts to increase the bioremediation efficiency of contaminated soil and water were made with the application of laser biotechnology. An optimal algorithm of laser biostimulation for selected biological materials for more efficient bioremendiation of selected pollutants was verified by sensitive biotests. Results: Laser irradiation of hydrophytes Lemna minor accelerated the phytoremediation of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds from wastewater and increased the surface area of the duckweed and biomass production. Ecological efficiency of innovative bioremediation versus traditional methods could be tested using computer-based image analysis of selected components of aquatic ecosystems (e.g. Lemna sp., Lymnaea stagnalis, Daphnia sp., Hydra sp.) and highly sensitive to different pollutants juvenile stages of the tested animals. Conclusions: Such an innovative bioremediation method and biotests would be useful for verification of new bioremediation methods and for better reproduction of biological resources and efficient protection of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.