The manipulation of fluids in microfluidics has been studied for decades. How to miniaturize the system size and improve its efficiency are the goals to make the systems much better for practical applications. Electrowetting (EW) or electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD), which is used to alter the wettability of the liquid droplet on a solid substrate by inducing an applied voltage, can be employed to achieve this goal. Lab-on-a-chip, which has been used in biomedical and analytical devices, is one of the most popular applications of EWOD. Such EWOD-based devices can be used to manipulate aqueous droplets ranging from nanoliters to microliters in volume. Droplet processes such as dispensing, mixing, and splitting and transport can be realized effectively without using conventional pumps, valves, or channels. Transport of droplets by EWOD is rapid and repeatable. Other fascinating applications of EW are the adjustable lenses, electronic displays (e-paper), switches for optical fibers, etc.
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