The science related to the subject of physics and chemistry of real surfaces has expanded in the past decade at a rapid pace. This area of science is especially important for environmental control, water processing, nanotechnology, pharmacy and biotechnology. Many empirical observations have been found to be based on the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry. One of such observations was the discovery of the so-called superhydrophobicity phenomenon or 'lotus effect'. It was revealed that some natural surfaces demonstrate extremely high apparent contact angles and low contact angle hysteresis. Since 1997 when the lotus effect was first reported by Barthlott and Neinhuis, much physical and chemical understanding has been gained in the field of superhydrophobicity.
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