Effect of Controlled Electromagnetic Fields on the Differentiation Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neuron Cells Inside Nutrient Media Modified with Carbon Nanostructures: A New Growth/Differentiation Factor Mohammad

摘要

This study aims to evaluate the effect of magnetic field on the growth and differentiation between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and formation of neuron cells inside a nutrient medium doped with carbon nanostructures such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs with 99% purity were synthesized and purified by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The synthesized CNTs were introduced to nutrient medium supported with mesenchymal stem cells which were extorted from a rat backbone. In addition, a fixed magnetic field was generated by carrying alterative current (AC) with a frequency of 2.0 MHz and a lab-made function generator using a switching power supply (V: 50 ± 1 V). The temperature of the stem cells was controlled to 37 ± 1 °C by circulating water around the cell, followed by controlling its temperature using a thermostat. Moreover, all components of the system were positioned inside an incubator inside CO2 atmosphere (5.0%). Optical microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used to evaluate the differentiation between four independent samples of stem cells during formation of neuron cell in 15 days. In comparison to the blank samples, the optical imaging after the differentiation of the sample showed that small porosities were observed in the cell at 9 days. These porosities were then maximized at 15 days which resulted in the formation of neuron cells. All the samples were examined using nestin gene expianation procedure based on the PCR method to evaluate the reliability of the effect of the electromagnetic field during the differentiation of the stem cell. However, electrophysiologic aspects of the generated cell should be evaluated in more detail using comprehensive investigations such as surface antigens. In this study, the observation of significant changes in the fluorescence images of the initial stem cell and nestin gene expianation clearly revealed the effective role of electromagnetic field as an excellent growth/differentiation factor during the growth of MSCs and differentiation to neuron cells.