To describe the time-dependent nonlinear tensile behavior observed in experimental studies of cortical bone, a damage model was developed using two internal state variables (ISV's). One ISV is a damage parameter that represents the loss ofstiffness. A rule for the evolution of this ISV was defined based on previously observed creep behavior. The second ISV represents the inelastic strain due to viscosity and internal friction. The model was tested by simulating experiments in tensile andbending loading. Using average values from previous creep studies for parameters in the damage evolution rule, the model tended to underestimate the maximum nonlinear strains and to overestimate the nonlinear strain accumulated after load reversal in thetensile test simulations. Varying the parameters for the individual tests produced excellent fits to the experimental data. Similarly, the model simulations of the bending tests could produce excellent fits to the experimental data. The resultsdemonstrate that the 2-ISV model combining damage (stiffness loss) with slip and viscous behavior could capture the nonlinear tensile behavior of cortical bone in axial and bending loading.
展开▼
