Gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere during the CESAR campaign at Palma de Mallorca in 2011/2012: Impact of extratropical cyclones and cold fronts

摘要

Based on a measuring campaign which was carried out at Mallorca (39.6 degrees N, 2.7 degrees E) as cooperation between Agenda Estatal de Meteorologia (AEMET) and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, engl. 'German Aerospace Center' (DLR) in 2011/2012 (September-January), 143 radiosondes (day and night) providing vertical temperature and wind profiles were released. Additionally, nocturnal mesopause temperature measurements with a temporal resolution of about 1 mm were conducted by the infrared (IR) Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer (GRIPS) during the campaign period.