Mammoth hunting - Impact traces on backed implements from a mammoth bone accumulation at Krakow Spadzista (southern Poland)

摘要

This article presents the results of use -wear analysis of the backed implements (shouldered points and backed blades) discovered at Krakow Spadzista, trench B + Bl. Of the 197 examined tools, 113 specimens (55%) bear traces of use. In this group, 55 artefacts show a complete set of clear, characteristic impact traces and could be interpreted as the flint parts of thrown weapons. They were used in mammoth hunting at the Krakow Spadzista site 24 thousand years ago. The hafting method can be identified on the basis of the direction of linear traces and impact negatives. Most of these artefacts were placed at the top of wooden or bone shaft. Only single specimens were attached laterally. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.