Influence of exercise and perivascular adipose tissue on coronary artery vasomotor function in a familial hypercholesterolemic porcine atherosclerosis model

摘要

adipose tissue is no longer viewed as a simple reservoir for energy storage and thermoregulation but rather as a complex, indispensable, active metabolic and endocrine organ (17, 34, 44). Recent evidence indicates that there are differences in the endocrine function of adipose tissues that are specific to their anatomic location (i.e., subcutaneous or visceral) (7, 9). Adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature or perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) is thought to provide structural support to underlying arteries. It is surprising that the role of PAT has been largely overlooked in the field of atherosclerosis regarding its influence on vascular function, given that some vessels most susceptible to atherosclerosis are covered in PAT (i.e., coro-naries). Several studies reveal a paracrine release from normalPAT of a heat-labile (11) adipocyte-derived relaxing factor (ADPvF) that induces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (6, 21, 24, 40). This action is thought to be mediated through the opening of K~+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (6, 40). Several of these studies demonstrate in rodents a blunted contractile response to constrictors such as angiotensin II (21), phenylephrine (21), and endothelin-1 (40) in vessels with PAT compared with vessels without PAT independent of actions mediated by leptin (21), an adipokine known to cause vasorelaxation (20, 26, 35).