Effect of Bio-chemical Fertilization and Times of Nutrient Foliar Application on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Rice

摘要

Two field experiments were performed during 2003 and 2004 seasons at El-Sheikh Hamam, El-Bousrat village, El-Manzala district, Dakahlia Governorate to study the effect of four nitrogen fertilizer rates, i.e., 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N/fed, times of foliar nutrients spraying i.e., 15, 25, 35 and 45 days after transplanting and biofertilizers sources i.e., without biofertilization, Azospirillum inoculation, blue green algae and combination of Azospirillum +blue green algae on growth, yield and yield components of rice cultivar Sakha 104. The experimental field were laid out in a strip-spelt plot design with four replications. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg N/fed significantly affected growth, yield and yield components inboth seasons. Highest grain yield and yield components were produced from increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates upto 45 or 60 kg N/fed without significant differences between them in both seasons. Grain yield increased by 28 and 31%, respectively comparedwith fertilization at a rate of 15 kg N/fed over both seasons. In both seasons, times of nutrients foliar application had a significant effect on flag leaf area, plant height, number of tillers/m~2, number of panicles/m2, panicle length (in the first season), number of filled grains/panicle, grain weight/panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological, straw and grain yields/fed. Maximum yield and yield components were produced from foliar spraying of House Green after 45 days from transplanting in both seasons. Grain yield increased by 10.2 and 11.5% when House Green foliar spraying after 35 and 45 days transplanting, respectively compared with those spraying after 15 days after transplanting over both seasons. Regarding biofertilizer treatments effects, biofertilizer sources significantly affected studied growth characters, yield and its component characters in both seasons. Inoculation of blue green algae alone or in combination with Azospirillum produced highest grain yield and its attributes without significant differences between them in both seasons. Inoculation with blue green algae increased grain yield/fed by 5% compared with those non-biofertilized asan average of both seasons. The interaction between nitrogen fertilizer rates and biofertilizer treatments had a significant effect on panicle grain yield, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/fed in both seasons. Maximum values produced from increasing nitrogen fertilizer upto 45 or 60 kg N/fed and using blue green algae as biofertilizer. Grain yield increased by 40.5 and 38.6%, respectively as an average of both seasons. It could be concluded that for maximizing grain yield and its quality as well as reducing environmental pollution by addition nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 45 kg N/fed, foliar spraying of nutrients (House Green) after 45 days from transplanting and using blue green algae as biofertilizer source under soils affected with salinity at El-Manzala region, El-Dakahlia Governorate.