Interactions of Meloidogyne incognita, Xanthomonas campestris, and Rhizobium sp. in the disease complex of chickpea

摘要

The effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Xanthomonas campestris, and Rhizobium sp., alone or in combination, on the disease complex in chickpea were examined. Individual inoculation with M. incognita and X. campestris caused significant reductions in plant growth, while inoculation with Rhizobium sp. resulted in a significant increase in plant growth. Inoculation with M. incognita and X. campestris together caused a greater reduction in plant growth than the damage caused by each of them alone. Application of M. incognita or X. campestris prior to Rhizobium sp. caused a greater reduction in plant growth than Rhizobium sp. applied prior to M. incognita or X. campestris. Application of M. incognita prior to X. campestris resulted in the maximum reductionin plant growth. Use of M. incognita or X. campestris with Rhizobium sp. reduced root nodulation. Application of Rhizobium sp. prior to pathogens resulted in greater nodulation than Rhizobium sp. applied simultaneously with pathogens. Rhizobium sp. andX. campestris had adverse effects on galling and nematode multiplication. Maximum reduction in galling and nematode multiplication was observed when Rhizobium sp. and X. campestris were applied together prior to M. incognita.