Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells leads to Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The global challenge to find a cure for T1D centers on transplanting or regenerating insulin-producing cells, while at the same time preventing disease recurrence. This quest for cure dominates prevention in the public's mind, although in reality there can be no cure of an autoimmune disease without prevention. The impetus comes from the demands of daily insulin injections to treat T1D and the inability of this approach to attain physiologic control of blood glucose, in many cases leading to longer-term complications secondary to hyperglycemia. Although transplantation of the pancreas or purified islets allows near-normal maintenance of blood glucose, it comes at a high technical and financial cost and is severely limited by the shortage of organ donors. In addition, long-term insulin-
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