Exanthems and fever in travellers returning from the tropics

摘要

Dengue fever with its subtle rash is today more common than malaria in travellers returning to Europe from the tropics (meta-analysis Geo Sentinel network). Up to 5 % of all safari tourists experience African tick bite fever during or soon after their journey; it is caused by rickettsiae and clinically presents with exanthems, focal necrotizing vasculitis (eschar, tache noir), lymphadenopathy and moderate fever. Typhoid fever is a severe infectious disease is which is difficult to diagnosis at first assessment. The presence of rose spots, which may be found in up to 33 % of patients with typhoid fever, can lead the way to diagnosis. Exanthems can be subtle and may occur weeks after infection without any other distinctive clinical sign. Particular importance in travel medicine has to be paid to acute HIV infection and secondary syphilis after exposition and infection in the tropics. Also the highly contagious infectious diseases of childhood as measles and rubeola have to be taken into account in adults with no or insufficient vaccination after a stay in tropical countries.