Reactions of trichlorogermane HGeCl_3 and dichlorogallane HGaCl_2 with pyridine donors

摘要

The weak base pyridine has been found to d eprotonate trichlorogermane HGeCl_3 with quantitative formation of pyridinium trichlorogermanate(II), Py-H~+GeCl_3~-, the pyramidal structure of the anion resembling that of the isoelectronic AsCl_3 molecule. This course of the reaction supports the assignment of an inverse polarization (-)Ge-H(+) of the bond in HGeCl_3 as compared to the (+)Si-H(-) bond in trichlorosilane HSiCl_3, which is known to form a 1:2 adduct with pyridine instead. Germanium tetrachloride also undergoes simple addition reactions with pyridine leading ultimately e.g. to GeCl_4L_2 with L = 4-ethyl-pyridine. Dichlorogallane gives 1:1 addition compounds (HGaCl_2L) with L = pyridine, 4-dimethylamino-pyridine, 4-cyano-pyridine, and 3,5-dimethyl-pyridine, the molecular structures of which have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Simple tetrahedral arrays of substituents around the gallium center with only minor distortions, and characteristics Ga-H stretching vibrations in the IR spectra, show that the Ga-H bond is untouched in the addition reactions. The addition of two equivalents of 3,5-dimethyl-pyridine to HGaCl_2 affords the 1:2 complex with was shown to have a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with the hydride ligand in an equatorial position. In order to provide benchmark data, the 1:1 adducts GaCl_3(L) and GaH_3(L) with L = 3,5-dimethyl-pyridine were also prepared and structurlly characterized. Pyridinium tetrachlorogallate(III) takes up pyridine, but the extra ligand is attached to the cation via hydrogen bonding leaving the anion unchanged: [Py-H…Py]~+[GaCl_4]~-.