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Neonicotinoid insecticide exposures reported to six poison centers in Texas

机译:据报道,新烟碱类杀虫剂暴露于德克萨斯州的六个毒物中心

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Neonicotinoids are a relatively newer class of insecticide. Used primarily in agriculture, neonicotinoids are also used for flea control in domestic animals. Information on human exposures to neonicotinoids is limited. Neonicotinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000-2012 were identified and the distribution by selected factors examined. Of 1,142 total exposures, most products contained imidacloprid (77%) or dinotefuran (17%). The exposures were seasonal with half reported during May-August. The most common routes of exposure were ingestion (51%), dermal (44%), and ocular (11%). The distribution by patient age was 5 years or less (28%), 6-19 years (9%), 20 years or more (61%), and unknown (2%); and 64% of the patients were female. Of all, 97% of the exposures were unintentional and 97% occurred at the patient's own residence. The management site was on-site (92%), already at/en route to a health care facility (6%), and referred to a health care facility (2%). The medical outcomes included no effect (22%), minor effect (11%), moderate effect (1%), not followed judged nontoxic (14%), not followed minimal effects (46%), unable to follow potentially toxic (1%), and unrelated effect (4%). The most commonly reported adverse clinical effects were ocular irritation (6%), dermal irritation (5%), nausea (3%), vomiting (2%), oral irritation (2%), erythema (2%), and red eye (2%). The most frequently reported treatments were dilution/wash (85%) and food (6%). In summary, these data suggest that the majority of neonicotinoid exposures reported to the poison centers may be managed outside of health care facilities with few clinical effects expected.
机译:新烟碱类是相对较新的一类杀虫剂。新烟碱类化合物主要用于农业,也用于控制家畜的跳蚤。关于人类接触新烟碱的信息是有限的。确定了在2000年至2012年期间报告给德克萨斯州毒物中心的新烟碱暴露量,并通过选定的因素进行了分布调查。在1,142次总暴露量中,大多数产品包含吡虫啉(77%)或地替呋喃(17%)。暴露是季节性的,在五月至八月期间报道了一半。最常见的接触途径是食入(51%),皮肤(44%)和眼部(11%)。按患者年龄分布为5岁以下(28%),6-19岁(9%),20岁以上(61%)和未知(2%);其中64%为女性。在所有暴露中,有97%是非故意的,而97%是在患者自己的住所发生的。管理站点位于现场(92%),已经/正在到达医疗保健机构(6%),并且已转交给医疗保健机构(2%)。医疗结果包括无影响(22%),轻微影响(11%),中度影响(1%),未遵循判定为无毒(14%),未遵循微弱影响(46%),无法遵循潜在毒性(1 %)和无关的效果(4%)。最常见的不良临床反应是眼刺激(6%),皮肤刺激(5%),恶心(3%),呕吐(2%),口腔刺激(2%),红斑(2%)和红眼(2%)。最常报告的处理方法是稀释/清洗(85%)和食物(6%)。总而言之,这些数据表明,报告给毒物中心的大多数新烟碱暴露可能在医疗机构之外进行管理,预计几乎没有临床效果。

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