Identification and classification of the genus Lycoris using molecular markers

摘要

To evaluate the germplasm of the genus Lycoris, 80 samples of Lycoris species and unidentified accessions were collected from various sources in the United States, China, Japan, and Korea for identification and classification using polymorphic bandsgenerated by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Twenty three-random 10-mer primers were initially used to screen and select primers for polymorphisms using DNA from 6 selected Lycoris accessions. Using six selected primers, all accessions, divided into three groups, were subjected to amplification for a preliminary identification: group A of 27 accessions of L. X albiflora Koidzume, L. anhuiensis Xu & Fan, L. aurea Herbert, L. caldwellii Traub, L. chejuensis K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko, L. flavescens var. flavescens M. Kim & S. Lee, L. chinensis var. chinensis Traub, L. chinensis Traub var, sinuolata K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko, L. elsiae Traub, L. flavescens var. flavescens M. Kim & S. Lee, and two unknowns, group B of 27 accessions of L. X haywardiiTraub, L. X houdyshelii Traub, L. incarnata Comes ex C. Spreng, L. longituba var. longituba Y. Hsu & G.J. Fan, L. radiata (L'Herit) var. radiata Herb., L. radiata (L'Herit) var. pumila Herb., and L. sanguinea var. koreana Nakai, and group C of 28 accessions of L. X rosea Traub & Moldenke, L. sanguinea Maxim. var. sanguinea, L. sanguinea Maxim. var. kiusiana (Makino), L. sanguinea var. koreana Nakai, k. shaanxiensis Xu & Hu, L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker, L. squamigera Maxim., L. straminea Lindley, and L.traubii Hayward. Variations observed with L. aurea Herbert could be attributed to the difference in geographical origins or misidentification. All accessions collected from Korea, L. chejuensis K.T. Tae & S.C. Ko (K6, K8, K11 and S17) were grouped together with L. chinensis var. chinensis Traub (S8) and L. flavescens var. flavescens (S16). Lycoris longituba (JW11) and L. radiata var. pumila (S 14) that were not clustered with other L. longituba var. longituba accessions (B6 and S6) and L. radiata var. pumila (D1, HM4, and D8) may have been mislabeled in the trade. Lycoris radiata var. radiata could be divided into three or possibly four sub-groups, two accessions (Y1 and JW1) being distinctly related to other accessions (K1, K10, B7, B8 and HM5). Clustering of L. X rosea, L. sanguinea, L. sprengeri, L. squamigera, and L. traubii were variable within accessions of a given species. Based on results from the preliminary analyses, L. X albiflora (O4 and S13), L. anhuiensis (S5), L. aurea (HM1), L. caldwellii (JW10), L. chejuensis (K11), L. chinensis var. chinensis (S7); L. chinensis var. sinuolata (S8), L. elsiae (JWl6), L. flavescens var. flavescens (S16), L. X haywardii (B5), L. X houdyshelii (D3), L. incarnata (HM6), L. longituba var. longituba (S6),L. radiata var. radiata (K1), L. radiata var. pumila (D8), L. X rosea (B1), L. sanguinea var. sanguinea (S2), L. sanguinea var. kiusiana (S3), L. sanguinea var. koreana (K3), L. shaanxiensis (JW3), L. sprengeri (B3), L. squamigera (H6), L. straminea (JW18), L. traubii (L1 and S12), and unidentified accessions from Korea (K2 and K5) were selected for a final identification and classification. Clustering of unidentified accession K2 collected from Cheju Island, Korea, together with L. incarnata (HM6), karyotype (2n=29+B=30=3M+1M+1m+51+20A), and flower morphology of K2 indicated that K2 was identified as L. incarnata native to Cheju Island. Clustering of Lycoris species based on RAPD polymorphic bands generally agrees with the taxonomical treatments basedon the morphological and phenological observations.